Dictatorships and Tyrannies 

Essays on Undemocratic Power Systems

All conceptions and postulates relating to undemocratic power systems were always based on the principle that the authority and personal attributes of the ruling elite are something that is imperturbable, as it is only this quality that guarantees the stability of the public order. Disturbing the thus understood order was invariably looked upon as a harmful activity. Thus if one deals with reality which by definition and from top-down is regarded as ideal, it means that in such a reality, freedom not only goes unrecognized, but all its manifestations are  most ruthlessly fought against, as they are treated as a threat to the order which is being maintained by the political authority. The above regularity revealed itself with particular force in the conditions of the 19^th century totalitarianisms, namely the communist and the fascist one.