The book describes children’s folklore and tries to show the following: its essence, the way it presents itself against the background of adults’ folklore, children’s needs underlying it, a child’s situation in a traditional family and peasants’ culture, the state of research on Polish children’s folklore, as well asproposal of how to classify genres of children’s folklore. The reseach material which forms the basis of this paper has been collected mostly as part of an investigation into available etnographic sources (enumerated in the bibliography) and field research in the years 2012-2017 mostly in Lesser Poland Voivodeship – primarly in the region of Cracow. All the texts (Polish and foreign ones) have been placed in appendice at the end of the paper.