Moments of Mutuality
Rearticulating Social Justice in France and the EU
Pages: 196
Book format: B5
Publication date: 2012
Publication date: 31.10.2012
Book description
How is the ethically unacceptable persistence of the unnecessary suffering of extraordinarily poor street children in extraordinarily rich European Union capital cities to be durably remedied? Perhaps centrally, this philosophical essay argues, by re-articulating current inadequate understandings in the European Union of social injustice not as an absence of solidarity but as the failure to imagine and to act on “mutualities.” First presented in 2011 as invited lectures for the Institute of European Studies of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow, this extended reflection explores four central elements of the empirical situations of such extreme child poverty amid great affluence in the contexts of a progressively developed case study of destitute street children in Paris. The essay focuses successively on such utterly destitute children’s poor health, poor housing, poor food, and poor education. In each case outstanding contemporary philosophical reflections on violations of social justice – those of J. Rawls, A. Sen, R. Dworkin, and J. Habermas – are found to be deeply suggestive but finally insufficient for understanding such legally and morally intolerable situations. Yet each may be interpreted as contributing substantively to a progressive re-articulation of at least four critical elements of what a renewed idea of social justice in the European Union tomorrow must involve – “mutualizations” of fairness, understanding, respect, and articulacy.
Peter McCormick is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and a Permanent Member of the Institut International de Philosophie (Paris). Formerly Professor of Philosophy at the University of Ottawa, he is Fürst Franz Josef and Fürstin Gina Emeritus Professor of Moral Philosophy of the Internationale Akademie für Philosophie im Fürstentum Liechtenstein. In 2010 the Jagiellonian University Press published his previous set of 2009 Cracow lectures, Aspects Yellowing Darkly: Ethics, Intuition, and the European High Modernist Poetry of Suffering and Passage
Authors
Peter McCormick
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Moments of Mutuality
Rearticulating Social Justice in France and the EU
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Preface 11
Orientations 17
1. An Experience 21
2. An Issue 22
3. A Question 24
4. An Objective 25
Part I. Poor Health: Social Justice and Mutual Recognition
Chapter One: Unhealthy Children 29
5. Poor Children I: Numbers 29
6. Unhealthy Poor Children 31
7. A Tabular Overview 34
Concluding Remarks 36
Chapter Two: Social Justice and Fairness 37
8. Primary Goods 37
9. Fairness and Social Justice 40
10. Two Assumptions 44
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Recognition 47
Part II. Poor Housing: Social Justice and Mutual Understanding
Chapter Three: Unsheltered Children 51
11. Poor Children II: Corrected Numbers 51
12. Unhoused Children 53
13. Capabilities and Unsheltered Children 60
Concluding Remarks 63
Chapter Four: Social Justice and Capabilities 65
14. Capabilities and Destitute Children 65
15. Cardinal Issues 67
16. Capacities and Ethical Values 69
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Understanding 72
Part III. Poor Food: Social Justice and Mutual Respect
Chapter Five: Unfed Children 77
17. Poor Children III: Measures 77
18. The Legal and The Moral 85
19. Children’s Rights, Social Justice, and Law 92
Concluding Remarks 97
Chapter Six: Law, Interpretation, and Value 99
20. Law as an Interpretive Concept 99
21. The Independence and Unity of Value 104
22. Destitute Children’s Legal Rights 107
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Respect 112
Part IV. Poor Spirits: Social Justice and Articulacy
Chapter Seven: Unschooled Children 117
23. Poor Children IV: Corrected Measures 117
24. Destitute Children and Discourse Ethics 124
25. Habermas’s Differences with Rawls 128
Concluding Remarks 131
Chapter Eight: Discourse and Social Justice 133
26. The Metaphysical and the Political 133
27. Moral and Ethical Discourse 135
28. Cultural Groups and Societies 140
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Articulacy 145
Re-Orientations 147
29. A Certain Idea of Mutuality 147
30. Mutualizing an Idea of Social Justice 150
Concluding Remarks 154
Envoi 155
Endnotes 157
Detailed Table of Contents 193
List of Figures
2.1. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Age Distribution 34
2.2. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Nationalities 35
2.3. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Morocco, 1990–2006 35
2.4. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Turkey, 1990–2006 36
List of Tables
3.1. Poor Housing in France (Numbers of Persons Affected) 55
7.1. France: Educational situation on 1 May, 2002 of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 122
7.2. France: Family environment of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 123
Preface 11
Orientations 17
1. An Experience 21
2. An Issue 22
3. A Question 24
4. An Objective 25
Part I. Poor Health: Social Justice and Mutual Recognition
Chapter One: Unhealthy Children 29
5. Poor Children I: Numbers 29
6. Unhealthy Poor Children 31
7. A Tabular Overview 34
Concluding Remarks 36
Chapter Two: Social Justice and Fairness 37
8. Primary Goods 37
9. Fairness and Social Justice 40
10. Two Assumptions 44
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Recognition 47
Part II. Poor Housing: Social Justice and Mutual Understanding
Chapter Three: Unsheltered Children 51
11. Poor Children II: Corrected Numbers 51
12. Unhoused Children 53
13. Capabilities and Unsheltered Children 60
Concluding Remarks 63
Chapter Four: Social Justice and Capabilities 65
14. Capabilities and Destitute Children 65
15. Cardinal Issues 67
16. Capacities and Ethical Values 69
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Understanding 72
Part III. Poor Food: Social Justice and Mutual Respect
Chapter Five: Unfed Children 77
17. Poor Children III: Measures 77
18. The Legal and The Moral 85
19. Children’s Rights, Social Justice, and Law 92
Concluding Remarks 97
Chapter Six: Law, Interpretation, and Value 99
20. Law as an Interpretive Concept 99
21. The Independence and Unity of Value 104
22. Destitute Children’s Legal Rights 107
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Respect 112
Part IV. Poor Spirits: Social Justice and Articulacy
Chapter Seven: Unschooled Children 117
23. Poor Children IV: Corrected Measures 117
24. Destitute Children and Discourse Ethics 124
25. Habermas’s Differences with Rawls 128
Concluding Remarks 131
Chapter Eight: Discourse and Social Justice 133
26. The Metaphysical and the Political 133
27. Moral and Ethical Discourse 135
28. Cultural Groups and Societies 140
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Articulacy 145
Re-Orientations 147
29. A Certain Idea of Mutuality 147
30. Mutualizing an Idea of Social Justice 150
Concluding Remarks 154
Envoi 155
Endnotes 157
Detailed Table of Contents 193
List of Figures
2.1. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Age Distribution 34
2.2. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Nationalities 35
2.3. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Morocco, 1990–2006 35
2.4. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Turkey, 1990–2006 36
List of Tables
3.1. Poor Housing in France (Numbers of Persons Affected) 55
7.1. France: Educational situation on 1 May, 2002 of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 122
7.2. France: Family environment of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 123
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
Preface 11
Orientations 17
1. An Experience 21
2. An Issue 22
3. A Question 24
4. An Objective 25
Part I. Poor Health: Social Justice and Mutual Recognition
Chapter One: Unhealthy Children 29
5. Poor Children I: Numbers 29
6. Unhealthy Poor Children 31
7. A Tabular Overview 34
Concluding Remarks 36
Chapter Two: Social Justice and Fairness 37
8. Primary Goods 37
9. Fairness and Social Justice 40
10. Two Assumptions 44
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Recognition 47
Part II. Poor Housing: Social Justice and Mutual Understanding
Chapter Three: Unsheltered Children 51
11. Poor Children II: Corrected Numbers 51
12. Unhoused Children 53
13. Capabilities and Unsheltered Children 60
Concluding Remarks 63
Chapter Four: Social Justice and Capabilities 65
14. Capabilities and Destitute Children 65
15. Cardinal Issues 67
16. Capacities and Ethical Values 69
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Understanding 72
Part III. Poor Food: Social Justice and Mutual Respect
Chapter Five: Unfed Children 77
17. Poor Children III: Measures 77
18. The Legal and The Moral 85
19. Children’s Rights, Social Justice, and Law 92
Concluding Remarks 97
Chapter Six: Law, Interpretation, and Value 99
20. Law as an Interpretive Concept 99
21. The Independence and Unity of Value 104
22. Destitute Children’s Legal Rights 107
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Respect 112
Part IV. Poor Spirits: Social Justice and Articulacy
Chapter Seven: Unschooled Children 117
23. Poor Children IV: Corrected Measures 117
24. Destitute Children and Discourse Ethics 124
25. Habermas’s Differences with Rawls 128
Concluding Remarks 131
Chapter Eight: Discourse and Social Justice 133
26. The Metaphysical and the Political 133
27. Moral and Ethical Discourse 135
28. Cultural Groups and Societies 140
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Articulacy 145
Re-Orientations 147
29. A Certain Idea of Mutuality 147
30. Mutualizing an Idea of Social Justice 150
Concluding Remarks 154
Envoi 155
Endnotes 157
Detailed Table of Contents 193
List of Figures
2.1. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Age Distribution 34
2.2. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Nationalities 35
2.3. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Morocco, 1990–2006 35
2.4. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Turkey, 1990–2006 36
List of Tables
3.1. Poor Housing in France (Numbers of Persons Affected) 55
7.1. France: Educational situation on 1 May, 2002 of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 122
7.2. France: Family environment of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 123
Preface 11
Orientations 17
1. An Experience 21
2. An Issue 22
3. A Question 24
4. An Objective 25
Part I. Poor Health: Social Justice and Mutual Recognition
Chapter One: Unhealthy Children 29
5. Poor Children I: Numbers 29
6. Unhealthy Poor Children 31
7. A Tabular Overview 34
Concluding Remarks 36
Chapter Two: Social Justice and Fairness 37
8. Primary Goods 37
9. Fairness and Social Justice 40
10. Two Assumptions 44
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Recognition 47
Part II. Poor Housing: Social Justice and Mutual Understanding
Chapter Three: Unsheltered Children 51
11. Poor Children II: Corrected Numbers 51
12. Unhoused Children 53
13. Capabilities and Unsheltered Children 60
Concluding Remarks 63
Chapter Four: Social Justice and Capabilities 65
14. Capabilities and Destitute Children 65
15. Cardinal Issues 67
16. Capacities and Ethical Values 69
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Understanding 72
Part III. Poor Food: Social Justice and Mutual Respect
Chapter Five: Unfed Children 77
17. Poor Children III: Measures 77
18. The Legal and The Moral 85
19. Children’s Rights, Social Justice, and Law 92
Concluding Remarks 97
Chapter Six: Law, Interpretation, and Value 99
20. Law as an Interpretive Concept 99
21. The Independence and Unity of Value 104
22. Destitute Children’s Legal Rights 107
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Respect 112
Part IV. Poor Spirits: Social Justice and Articulacy
Chapter Seven: Unschooled Children 117
23. Poor Children IV: Corrected Measures 117
24. Destitute Children and Discourse Ethics 124
25. Habermas’s Differences with Rawls 128
Concluding Remarks 131
Chapter Eight: Discourse and Social Justice 133
26. The Metaphysical and the Political 133
27. Moral and Ethical Discourse 135
28. Cultural Groups and Societies 140
Concluding Remarks: Mutualizing Articulacy 145
Re-Orientations 147
29. A Certain Idea of Mutuality 147
30. Mutualizing an Idea of Social Justice 150
Concluding Remarks 154
Envoi 155
Endnotes 157
Detailed Table of Contents 193
List of Figures
2.1. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Age Distribution 34
2.2. Numbers of Poor Immigrant Children in France by Nationalities 35
2.3. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Morocco, 1990–2006 35
2.4. Age Structure of Poor Immigrant Children in France from Turkey, 1990–2006 36
List of Tables
3.1. Poor Housing in France (Numbers of Persons Affected) 55
7.1. France: Educational situation on 1 May, 2002 of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 122
7.2. France: Family environment of pupils entering sixth form in 1995 123
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