Do advances in medical knowledge give a chance to get out of despair for those to whom current medicine left no hope? Can people suffering from previously incurable diseases seek refuge in therapeutic innovations - cell therapy, gene therapy or therapy based on tissue engineering? Some varieties of these "advanced therapies" have already been extensively researched and, as a result, formally approved. Others are still in the experimental phase, either under clinical trials or exceptionally approved in medical practice. A number of doubts arise regarding these "experimental therapies" concerning both their legal and ethical status. Should these promising but unproven medical procedures be made available to desperate patients, and if so, under what conditions? Do patients who can no longer be helped by any proven treatment methods have the right to try methods that have not yet been validated? Can these possibly life-saving medical procedures be financed also by patients themselves, or should their costs be covered only by others? – These are just some of the many difficult questions that the authors of the presented monograph ponder themselves and invite the reader to consider.